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Science & Technology

UPDATED: Friday, January 13, 2006

What is a search engine and how do I use one?

Posted on Sunday, February 01, 2004
 

One of the best ways to find relevant information on the world wide web is with the use of search engines. Search engines are huge indexes that attempt to include each word from every page on the web in their databases. Due to the enormous and ever-growing quantity of web pages, this task becomes nearly impossible.

In order for search engines to compile and organize this huge amount of data, they make use of various computer programs called robots, spiders, and crawlers. These tools trace words or hyperlinks (those underlined colored bits of text that direct you somewhere else when you click on them) across the web.

While these programs cruise from one site to the next, they index Web documents and send the results back to a database. When a user enters a search term, an enormous database is checked and the results are then listed by their relevance.

Because there is so much information available on the web, these results may amount to several thousand listings. This is not a problem if what you are looking for shows up among the first 30 or so hits; however, when this is not the case, most users give up.

So how can you find the information you are looking for in the first 30 links? Follow these tips:

Be specific

Don't be afraid to tell a search engine exactly what you are looking for.

For example, if you want information about Windows XP bugs, search for "Windows XP bugs," not "Windows." Or even better, search for exactly what the problem is: "I can't install a USB device in Windows 98 . " You will be surprised at how often this works.

Use the plus symbol (+) to add to your search

Sometimes, you want to make sure that a search engine finds pages that have all the words you enter, not just some of them. The + symbol lets you do this. For example , imagine you want to find pages that have references to both President Bush and Saddam Hussein on the same page. You could search this way: Bush + Hussein. Only pages that contain both words would appear in your results.


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The + symbol is especially helpful when you do a search and then find yourself overwhelmed with information. Imagine that you wanted to reserve a camping space in California 's Yosemite National Park . You might start out simply searching like this: Yosemite. If so, chances are you will probably get too many off-target results. Instead, try searching for all the words you know must appear on the type of page you are looking for: Yosemite + camping + reservations.

Use the minus symbol (-) to subtract from your search

Sometimes, you want a search engine to find pages that have one word on them, but not another word. The - symbol lets you do this. For example, imagine you want information about President Clinton, but don't want to be overwhelmed by pages relating to the Monica Lewinsky scandal. You could search this way: Clinton - Lewinsky. This tells the search engine to find pages that mention " Clinton " and then to remove any that include any mention of "Lewinsky."

Using quotation marks (“ ”)

Now that you know how to add and subtract terms, we can move on to multiplication. As in normal math, multiplying terms through a "phrase search" can be a much better way to get the answers you are looking for. For example, remember above when we wanted pages about reserving a campsite in Yosemite ? We entered: Yosemite +camping +reservations. That brings back pages that have all those words on them, but there's no guarantee that the words may be near each other on the page.

You could get a page that mentions Yosemite in the opening paragraph, but then later talks about getting camping reservations in the Grand Canyon . All the words you added together would appear on this page, but it still might not be what you are looking for. Doing a phrase search avoids this problem. This is where you tell a search engine to give you pages where the terms appear in exactly the order you specify. You do this by putting quotation marks around the phrase, like this: “ Yosemite camping reservations.”

These tips should put you on the track to finding any information you are looking for on the world wide web. As your searching on the web continues you will find that certain search engines excel at certain things, such as searching for online shopping or people searching. Don't be afraid to try them all out to find the one that suits your particular interests.

Some of the more popular search engines:

Have a computer or technology-related question for Joe? E-mail your question to: askjoe@ericksonmail.com.



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