Erickson Tribune

Health Secrets

UPDATED: Friday, March 23, 2007

Don’t underestimate the importance of water intake

Posted on Saturday, July 15, 2006
 

H2O Consumption Especially Important in Older Adults

by Peggy Kraus
Exclusive to
THE ERICKSON TRIBUNE

Water is the most abundant compound in the human body. Dehydration—or loss of water from the body—is one of the most common reasons older people are hospitalized every year.

There are some simple causes of dehydration that can affect people of all ages, including:

• Regularly engaging in exercise without properly replenishing lost fluids.

• Continuously consuming too much alcohol or caffeine, which act as diuretics (water removers).

• Not drinking the recommended amount of water and fluids over an extended period.

Older people have additional factors that can make them more prone to chronic dehydration. We will take a look at some of these factors and explore ways to fight dehydration.

Dehydration Risks
There are actually two forms of dehydration. The water loss that happens from exercise is called temporary dehydration. For most people, this form of dehydration is combated easily, by drinking water or a substance that replaces both fluid and minerals, like certain sports drinks. Watch out for the sugar content in the latter.

Many people are also prone to chronic mild dehydration, defined as a 1 to 2 percent decrease in body weight from fluid loss which lasts for an extended length of time. A 150 pound person who suffers from chronic mild dehydration would lose 1.5 to three pounds of fluid.

There are numerous reasons why older people are susceptible to chronic dehydration, including:

• A more sedentary lifestyle, which can cause a decrease in muscle and an increase in fat deposits. This increases your susceptibility to dehydration.

• They may intentionally drink less water to try and compensate for bladder problems, or for puffy ankles caused by retaining water.

• Some older people have a diminished sense of thirst. That means they can drink enough to feel satisfied, but still actually be dehydrated.


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Many people are taking medications that interfere with their body’s fluid regulation. Diuretics, which deliberately increase fluid output, are commonly prescribed for individuals with high blood pressure and congestive heart failure. Medications that lower blood pressure can magnify the need for ample fluids so as to keep the blood pressure from falling too low. Any drugs whose side effects include diarrhea, such as those used to treat Parkinson’s disease, can also increase your fluid requirements.

Water’s Role in Disease Prevention
A lack of fluid consumption results in low blood volume, which causes low blood pressure and elevated pulse rate. These events may bring on lightheadedness and fainting, which can be especially dangerous for individuals with a cardiac history. Falling is a danger to all older people.

Kidney stones can result from dehydration. It is estimated that 12 percent of the population suffers from the development and passing of kidney stones at least once in their lifetime, with men becoming more prone to the problem as they age. Besides age and heredity, certain medical conditions like gout (click here to learn more about gout) and diabetes can cause stone formation.

People who drink fewer fluids have a higher risk for developing cancer. A study in the New England Journal of Medicine found a high fluid intake significantly decreased the risk of bladder cancer in men.

Adequate fluid intake also supports good dental health. Saliva is made primarily of water, and when proper fluids are not available, the body is not able to manufacture adequate saliva to keep the teeth and gums healthy. Dehydration causes salivary gland dysfunction, which may lead to gum disease and other dental problems.

Recommendations for Water Intake
In order to stay properly hydrated, you should consume at least one milliliter of water for every calorie you burn. This translates to about 13 six-ounce cups a day for sedentary men, and nine six-ounce cups a day for sedentary women.

Seems like a lot? All 13 glasses may not be actual glasses—some of it may be fluid equivalent gathered from your diet. Fruits and vegetables are about 90 percent water and meats and cheese are about 50 percent. Figure drinking at least six glasses of real water daily and get the rest from foods.

A good rule of thumb to follow is to drink one full glass of water every time you leave the restroom, and at least one glass with meals. That recommendation, set by the National Research Council, is for sedentary individuals. If you are active in any fashion, you must up the ante.

For more guidance regarding your specific water needs, make sure to talk to your doctor inside or outside the Erickson HealthSM system.



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